Simon

Lore & Background

Simon Peter is the most frequently mentioned Simon. He and his brother Andrew were fishermen by the Sea of Galilee when Jesus called them (Matthew 4:18; Mark 1:16). Jesus later surnamed him Peter (Mark 3:16; Luke 6:14). Simon Peter confessed Jesus as the Christ (Matthew 16:16), and Jesus addressed him as Simon Barjona (Matthew 16:17). He owned a house in Capernaum where Jesus healed his mother-in-law (Mark 1:29-30; Luke 4:38), and his boat was used by Jesus to teach (Luke 5:3). After a miraculous catch, Simon Peter fell at Jesus' knees, calling himself a sinful man (Luke 5:8), and Jesus told him he would catch men (Luke 5:10). Jesus also questioned Simon about paying tribute (Matthew 17:25) and rebuked him for sleeping in Gethsemane (Mark 14:37).

Reader's Guide

The passages portray Simon as a common name in first-century Judea, attached to figures of varied social standing. Simon Peter is central: a fisherman called to discipleship, impulsive in confession and failure, yet chosen as a foundational apostle. His humanity is evident—he doubts, sleeps, and declares his sinfulness. Simon the Canaanite/Zelotes shows the diversity among apostles, possibly from a political faction. Simon the leper's house becomes a setting for devotion, while Simon of Cyrene is a passive participant in the crucifixion, compelled to serve. Simon as Jesus' brother appears in questions about Jesus' family, highlighting the mundane context of Jesus' origins. No passage connects these Simons beyond the shared name; each serves a distinct narrative role, from intimate follower to anonymous helper.

Did You Know?

• Simon Peter's father is named Barjona only in Matthew 16:17.
• Simon of Cyrene is identified as the father of Alexander and Rufus in Mark 15:21.
• Simon the leper's house in Bethany is the setting for a woman anointing Jesus (Matthew 26:6; Mark 14:3).
• Simon the Canaanite is also called Simon Zelotes in Luke 6:15, suggesting a possible political affiliation.